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Alexander Károlyi
Alexander Károly(i) also Alexander Károly von Nagy-Károly, Count, Imperial Feldmarschall, Statesman. He was born in Nagy-Károly in Hungary (present-day Romania), 20 March 1668– 8 September 1743, a son of Ladislaus Karoly and his second wife, Elisabeth Sennyey. The Károly family is one of the oldest, richest, and most famous noble families of Hungary. The Károly castle with market towns and parishes is located in Upper Hungary beyond the Tisza, in the Szathmarer County.〔Constant Wurzbach, ''Károly, die Grafen,'' BLKÖ, v11, pp. 1–2〕 Baron, and later Count, he was one of the generals of Francis II Rákóczi during the War of Independence. Later he negotiated the Treaty of Szatmár, which guaranteed autonomy to the Hungarian nobles.
== War with the Turks and Hungarian uprising ==
After the Battle of Vienna (1681), and the subsequent (and eventual) ejection of the Ottoman armies from Transylvania in the Battle of Mohács (1687), the disintegration of the Ottoman army while it crossed the Tisza river at the Battle of Zenta, allowed Imperial Habsburg armies to conquer large areas, including most of present-day Slavonia and Transylvania came under Imperial rule. On 9 December 1687 there was organized a Diet of Pressburg and Archduke Joseph was crowned as the first hereditary king of Hungary; future Habsburgs were declared to be the anointed kings of Hungary.〔A.J.P. Taylor, ''The Habsburg Monarchy 1809–1918,'' niversity of Chicago Press, 1976, pp. 12–15.〕
In 1691 Louis, Margrave of Baden-Baden, also called ''TürkenLouis'', was returning from his Transylvanian victories and Karolyi rode to meet him, to pay his respects. Together they inspected a fortress at Szathmar in which the Margrave found fault with the fortifications. Its commander, General Loeffelholz, claimed that the fortifications were in disrepair because Karolyi had not furnished the requisite quota of labor. Karolyi told the Margrave that his county had redeemed its obligation in payment of hard cash. His speech was interpreted as signs of disrespect and rebelliousness, traits the Habsburg notables deplored in with Hungarian nobles.〔Freiher Ladislaus Hengelmueller von Iengevar, ''Hungary's Fight for National Existence'', MacMillan 1913, pp. 108-110.〕
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